According to Bruce Tuckerman, what are the first and last development stages?

• A. Forming and Performing
• B. Storming and Norming
• C. Forming and Norming
• D. Norming and Storming

Answer: (A)

Tuckman’s model shows how groups develop from beginnings to high performance. The early stage, Forming, is when team members come together, explore the task, and figure out roles and relationships; there’s often politeness and uncertainty as people test boundaries. The final stage, Performing, is when the team collaborates effectively, roles are clear, trust is established, and the group works smoothly toward its goals. Therefore, the first and last stages are Forming and Performing. Historically, the original four stages are Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing, with Adjourning sometimes added later.